Wednesday, April 14, 2010

PERMIAN EXTINCTION, PTr (NOT EXTENSION) SHOWN IN THE MOENKOPI

EARTH SCIENCE postings from www.googleearth.com are reported in blogsites in: www.PorOgle.blogspot.com for other locations.
PHOTO ABOVE SHOWS THE TOQUERVILLE THRUST, WHERE A VIEW MAY BE MADE OF THE CONTACT OF PERMIAN LIMESTONES WITH THE OVERLYING MOENKOPI. A FAULT OCCURS, ALLOWING THE YOUNGER Trm TO BE SEEN IN A CANYON CREEK BED- GYPSIFEROUS BEDS FRON DESSICATION IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE PERMIAN STRIKE. WE WILL USE TOOLS SUCH AS SLICKENSIDES (BELOW) TO DETERMINE THE MOVEMENT OF SEDIMENTARY BEDS, SO THAT STRESS DIRECTION AND ORIENTATION MAY BE ASSESSED
GOOSEBERRY MESA IS ANOTHER LOCATION WHERE THE MOENKOPI IS EASILY HIKED, FOR INSPECTION OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN (AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION- JUST PRIOR TO THIS TRIASSIC TIME):


WE'LL GET BACK TO THE LOCAL TRIASSIC, BUT FIRST WE'LL FIND IF THERE IS EVIDENCE FOR THE PTr EXTINCTION NEAR THE EAST INDIES (WHERE THE PATTERN IS SIMILAR TO THAT FOUND IN THE WEST INDIES, FOR THE KT STRIKE):



By analogy with the fairly certain strike offshore Yucatan- which left significant traces in the Gulf of Mexico- I will search for similar indications in the SE Asia region. The most obvious clues are:

1. The sink known as the Gulf of Mexico, itself;
2. The configuration of Cuba, which is a circular island with Mesozoic outcrops- arrested in its development by rising during the aftermath of KT;
3. The array of islands broken off from the continents, or West Indies;
4. Silting offshore Yucatan, evidently from fall-back of fragments; and,
5. The configuration of Central America (reversal of circular trends).

THERE IS ANOTHER CLUE IN THE YUCATAN REGION- DESTERRADA ISLAND. WE'LL RESEARCH THIS SMALL BIT OF INFORMATION AND SEE HOW IT FITS WITH THE IMPACT IN ROCK:
The difficulty in this task is with the TIME OF OCCURRENCE- WHERE 200 M.Y. HAS ELAPSED SINCE THE GREAT EXTINCTIOIN TRANSPIRED. During this time interval, Coriolis re-arrangements have occurred, the KT strike has had a world-wide reaction (life has made major adjustments- interacting with the EARTH, CREATING CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAHERING, the Equator has shifted (because at least 10 degrees of polar wandering has transpired), and the Earth has slowed, reducing EB, contracting the earth, and uplifting linear mountain ranges.
The Celebes Sea fits the requirements, for similarity to the Gulf of Mexico, the occurrence of many islands, the circular arrangement of the sea, and presence of silting- even though the sea is as much as 5 km deep.
Chicxulub is not an obvious exhibit for a model for an asteroid strike. It probably would not have been found except for rock-hounding in the search for hydrocarbons (shock rock is a god clue). I can’t see the results, except faintly, on Google Earth maps. Therefore the search for a pattern of island shape location, and three-dimensional changes (such as water depth, circular arrangements, and siltation) may be the best method of locating an asteroid crater- before doing geophysical work. Desterrada Island, Mexico
The only clue offered by the long-atrophied remains of the Chicxulub asteroid (A-Steroid?) strike is the small reefal island of Desterrada. This type of structure requires that originally there must have been a near-sealevel protrusion such as a volcanic mound or crater for growth of the coral reef. The island, being far to sea from Yucatan (22 degrees 24’N, 89 40’W longitude), has no indication of being connected to the mainland, and seems to be removed from anything analyzable. The only information useful for larger involvement other than that of a simple reef is that of the well water composition. It is highly anomalous in HCO3- ion, indicating that it has been de-composed by bacterial activity or heat of decomposition from the reefal CaCO3, according to the relation:
CaCO3+ 2H2O + CO2 > >Ca++ and 2HCO3-
There are some intermediate steps to this relation- this being the end result, requiring a change of acidic pH first to dissolve the limestone and later create alkalinity. The acidity can come from the rain or from subsurface heating to bake off the gas. Regardless, the island must have been near the surface to form the reef- with the action of Life.

PRESENTED BELOW IS ANOTHER (LARGER) VIEW OF THE ISLAND OF DESTERRADA, MEXICO- WHICH MIGHT YIELD A CLUE TO FINDING ASTEROID CRATERS FROM SEA BOTTOM DISRUPTIONS IN THE NW AUSTRALIA OR CELEBES SEA AREA: PHOTO BELOW SHOWS THE DECCAN TRAPS- WHERE A MOUND OF CRUST, REACTING TO THE PERMIAN STRIKE (UNDER THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AT THE TIME) CREATED A MASSIVE FRACTURING AND SUBSEQUENT FLOODING OF BASALT AT ABOUT THE PERMIAN STRIKE TIME OF 250 M.Y. AGO:
THE "BIG PICTURE" OF THE EAST INDIES (WHERE I LIVED FOR 3 YEARS) IS SHOWN BELOW, AND A VIEW OF THE DECCAN TRAPS- WHICH ARE PROBABLY RELATED TO MASSIVE OPENING OF THE CRUST DUE TO THE ASTEROID STRIKE:
ANOTHER POSSIBILITY FOR AN ASTEROID CRATER IS IN THE WEST AUSTRALIA BASIN, WHERE THERE EXISTS A SINK WITH SOME FRAGMENTED ISLANDS:

The Montebello (NW Australia- where I was involved in the atomic testing military program in the 50s) location and nearby anomaly to the north is a prime candidate for an asteroid strike, more so than the Banda Sea. It has considerable siltation adjoining an obvious fault linear on its South side. The one caveat is the centerline linear, which I have generally found is related to an independent movement. This could be augmentation of a dynamic feature such as an asteroid strike, but it could indicate a Coriolis rotation; however, the occurrence of a linear on its southern boundary may be supportive. I have tracked Australia, and it moves to the NE, after the KT strike at Chicxulub, so that the linear on the south side would not be expected to be related to Australia dynamics. This could add to the possibility that the whole feature is related to an independent dynamic- such as a strike.
ANOTHER INTERESTING FACTOR IN THE STUDY OF AUSTRALIA PHENOMENON OF ASSOCIATION WITH AN ASTEROID STRIKE, IS THE APPEARANCE OF SEVERAL ENTITIES WHICH ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE IN THE NORTH AMERICAN QUADRANSPHERE:
1. A "WASATCH LINE" SEPARATING THE CONTINENT IN TWO CIRCULAR ROTATIONS;
2. A NEW ZEALAND "YELLOWSTONE", DIVIDING THE ISLANDS IN TWO PARTS AT THE 40S EQUATORIAL BULGE TERMINATION BORDER (USA TRACK LIES ABOVE THE 40N EB BORDER);
3. A LINEAR MOUNTAIN RANGE- THE OWEN STANLEY CHAIN- IN NEW GUINEA; AND
4. THE ASSOCIATION OF THE TRIPLET OF THE 3 ENTITIES ABOVE, SIMILAR TO THE B&R, CP, AND SIERRAS COMBINATION OF FEATURES WHICH INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER (AND ARE INTER-RELATED).

CONSIDERING THAT THE ATLANTIC OCEAN MAY HARBOR CLUES TO THE POSSIBLE STRIKE OFFSHORE AUSTRALIA, LOOK AT THE CHANGE IN THE INFLECTIONS IN THE TRANSFORMS IN THE ATLANTIC BASIN; IT APPPEARS THAT THERE IS DRASTIC CHANGE IN THEM WHEN APPOACHING BERMUDA (A CLUE TO THE NW-TRENDING CRUSTAL MOVEMENT TOWARD APPALACHIA):

ALSO LOOK AT THE LOCATION OF BERMUDA, AND INVESTIGATE WHETHER IT OCCURS DUE TO A POSSIBLE PERMIAN STRIKE ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE EARTH: Enlarging and homing in on Appalachia and its NE-SW TREND, there is more information on the association of the transforms offshore and the Permian strike:
THE LOCATION ON THE OPPOSITE OF THE EARTH FROM THE BERMUDA LOCATION IS SHOWN OFFSHORE PERTH, AUSTRALIA- EXHIBITING A CIRCULAR ANOMALY AND SILTED AREA AS A POSSIBLE 3RD LOCATION FOR A PERMIAN ASTEROID STRIKE IN THE GENERAL AREA:

Australia, cont’d
Solving the problem of the Permian extinction, related to an asteroid strike and the traces left on Google Earth ocean basin floors requires that a judgment be made as to the predominant feature displayed (out of several):

1. The total pattern left on surrounding crust which has been broken into many islands;
2. The crater traces left, which must be contrasted with those made by Coriolis rotation, drag from linear movements- such as that at the borders of EB, and rotating crust between oppositely-moving fault planes;
3. Drastic movement along transforms, such as those along the Equator in the Atlantic;
4. Inflections in nearby transforms or lines of shear displaying discontinuities in their presentation; and,
5. Patterns of traces of transforms NOTED in the ocean basin, which have been overlain by succeeding ones due to the later KT strike.
Considering each of these in turn:
The West Indies (1), which seem to have been related to the K strike, are inferior to those in the East Indies, in terms of area covered, and this fits positively for the two general areas of Central America versus Australia and the East Indies. Most confidence!
The craters (2) seen are many, and allow too much subjectivity for important conclusions, concerning which is related to a Permian strike. Least confidence!
The slide along transforms (3) is best presented at the Atlantic Equator, and the only equivalence is noted to occur with siltation on the ocean bottom-which extends considerably near Australia to New Zealand. However, there is a lengthy slice in the Tonga trench, but this is so rapid and fresh that it should be eliminated due to its modernity. Intermediate confidence!
Inflections (4), which can be confirmed for two or more linears, are few, and can be given more confidence as to their relation to an Asteroid strike. Intermediate confidence!
Patterns of parallel transforms (5), which are overlain BY OBVIOUSLY YOUNGER PATTERNS are few, and the best example is that of the collision producing Appalachia- a NW thrusting. Low confidence!

BELOW ARE EXAMPLES OF THE CONTRASTING FEATURES, FOR ANALYSIS OF LEVEL OF IMPORTANCE TO LOCATING AN ASTEROID STRIKE:
Calculation of rates of Progression of the MAR westward from the West Coast of Africa:
The following analysis relies on several assumptions:

1. That both the drastic changes in fauna, inflection of transforms, and patterns of rifts and blocks of oceanic crust are determined by asteroid strike‘s- both for the Permian-Triassic boundary, PTr, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary EVENT, KT- extinctions and disequilibrium of the Earth’s crust;
2. That the older PTr is discernible on the ocean floor via Google Photos, and that it may be seen to be obscured by the younger KT traces;
3. That the present movement rate may be calculated by measuring distances between major inflections and the present MAR on the Google earth map and then dividing this by the age of the KT boundary;
4. That the movement rate is constant over the distance and period for a segment of the Earth’s Crust; and,
5. That the movement rate calculated by this method is appropriate for earlier events- such as the PTr strike-induced rearrangement of the Polar Axis and position of the Equator.


There is a significant angle of departure from the present orientation of rifts orthogonal to the MAR, to that noticed (evidently) creating the Appalachia collision with its NW-SE orientation. This is assumed to be a result of the PTr extinction and compression of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks parallel to the east coast of North America. This angle of at least 30 degrees is significantly at variance with the present shear along latitude lines, and will be assumed to be discernible from (and obscured by) the more distinct traces. Using the start of this departure as the initial measuring point, the photo below yields a movement of rifts of 18 mm/year (westward). I have found that this is usual for the entire globe- that the tidal friction creating slowing of the crust has a due westward component, even when the island or crustal segment is oriented away from a N-S arrangement (e.g. the Sierras). Behind this finding is the next assumption that the westward movement is steady, so long as there is NOT another mechanical disturbance, such as an asteroid strike or close encounter with another body from SPACE.
This calculated movement of the MAR westward can now be used to determine the time since the west cost of Africa separated from the MAR. Using the constant rate of 18 mm/year, for the preceding earth arrangement, and the measured 2958 km distance between Africa and MAR (including the silted area- which is evidently created by the PTr disturbance preceding the KT strike), the calculated age of the of an earlier strike is found to be 165 m.years. This is short of the expected 250 m.y., but is encouraging in that it is at the approximate time (Jurassic, instead of Permian). Should all the other assumptions be essentially correct, this would indicate that the 18 mm/year rate is too large; 11.8 mm/year would yield the expected separation.
A MAJOR CONCLUSION: THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE CORRECT ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY THE PROCEDURE. The average movement rate has been influenced by the average of NO significant movement at the top of the BULGE (where westward movement has been offset by eastward movement of a CW-rotating cell in the Atlantic, about the 38N Latitude), compared to the Equatorial transforms tracing E-W at double the rate of that used in the calculation.
BELOW ARE SOME PHOTOS WHICH YIELD INFO ABOUT THE TRIASSIC, AND ITS ARTIFACTS:

QUAIL LAKE HAS TRIASSIC SHINARUMP (LOCATED ABOVE THE MOENKOPI FM.) WHICH EXHIBITS FOSSIL TREE LIMBS AND TRUNKS, AND SLICKENSIDES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS):



ANOTHER LOCALE WHERE WE CAN STUDY THE MOENKOPI AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION IS THAT AT THE KAIBAB-MOENKOPI CONTACT FOUND AT THE TOQUERVILLE BLOCK FAULTING, E OF TOWN: THE MOENKOPI FORMATION IS SHOWN, WHICH CONTAINS INFORMATION OF SEVERAL TYPES, IN THIS ASH CREEK DRAINAGE- WITH ITS UPLIFTED TO THE EAST BLOCK FAULTING:
1. THE LOCAL STRESS DIRECTION IS SHOWN BY THE FRACTURE ORIENTATION;
2. THE TYPE OF ENVIRONMENT- EVAPORITIC BASIN, WITH GYPSUM- AT THIS EARLY TRIASSIC TIME CAN BE SEEN;
3. THE UPLIFT, WHICH IS UP TO THE EAST, BACKWARDS FROM MOST B&R FAULTING AT THIS LATITUDE ALONG THE B&R LATERAL FAULT (WEST OF THIS LOCATION), IS SHOWN; AND,
4. SEEPAGE OF WARM WATER CREATING GYP ROSES (PSEUDOMORPHS) ARE FOUND NEARBY, AT INFLECTIONS IN THE STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN.




BELOW IS THE TOQUERVILLE THRUST, SHOWING Pk DIPPING DOWN TO THE WEST, UNTIL A CROSS FAULT IS ENCOUNTERED TO THE SOUTH; THEN MESOZOIC MOENKOPI, WHICH LIES ABOVE Pk, IS SHOWN. THIS IS THE CANYON WHICH CAN BE USED TO VIEW THE MOENKOPI IMMEDIATELY ABOVE pK (WHERE THE GYP BEDS AND THE EXTINCTION OCCURRED):


THIS TREATISE IS IN PREPARATION; SCROLL DOWN FOR INFORMATION LEADING TO THIS MISSIVE.

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