The Equatorial Bulge exists mainly on the (Plain?) Continents, and covers a Lesser Latitude Band for Ocean Basins

EB shrinks on the Floor of the Pacific Basin

Above Google photo shows that the Equatorial Bulge gradually moves southward (scanning the North Pacific), as the transform creating shear between it and the Crust to the north shears the Pacific Basin. This was previously noticed, when analyzing the contact between the Basin and Range Province, B&R, and entities near the Snake River plain. The Yellowstone Rhyolite Track is created by this wedged opening (Thermal expansion of a rising extrusion) between B&R and the rotating Oregon cell- due to the conflict in rotation velocity (there is a large difference in diameter of cells, so that one is traveling much faster than the other). This EB shrinking west across the Pacific Ocean is created by the slower movement above the MANTLE, FOR CRUST IN LATITUDES WHICH HAVE NO BULGE. EB moves relatively to the west (seen as an apparent movement north of 40N to the east) because of tidal friction with the Moon, which slows the Earth by 24 seconds, each million years (6 nautical miles along the Equator, and The BULGE SLOWS MORE DUE TO THE GREATER INFLUENCE FROM TIDAL FRICTION, THAN NON-BULGE). A DIAGRAMMATICAL VIEW OF THE REGION SOUTH OF EB IS SHOWN BELOW, TO EMPHASIZE THE DRASTIC STRUCTURAL CHANGES OCCURRING NEAR IT:
OREGON STATE IS SHOWN BELOW TO INDICATE IMPORTANT CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE SHEAR AND DISPLACEMENT OCCURING ALONG 40N LATITUDE:
Reducing the Oregon movements to a DIAGRAM makes the presentation simpler:
The Crust under Ocean Basins is thinner than that for the continents, because of its higher density, and evidently the Bulge occurs over a narrower Latitude Band. This may not have been previously noticed, since the continents would have been the regions where the Bulge was measured. The continents are above sea level, consequently have a Bulge for that reason (as well as for the larger density in basalt ocean floor rocks), whereas the oceans have several kilometers depth of sea water instead.
This is presented with a view of vertical rotation under the continent (reorganized SUBDUCTION):

This may be analyzed from a photo of the CA-NV-OR 3 state view: Below Figure reduces the NW USA to a Diagram, where the important features are emphasized (this is not to scale, but shows the various contrasting projections):
Notice the following FEATURES:
1. The horizontal cylinders of vertical rotation have larger diameters to the north. This is inferred from the further-out-to-sea RIFT TO THE NORTH, IN THE PACIFIC BASIN;
2. The Cascades and NW WA features are based deeper to the north (BECAUSE OF THE LARGER DIAMETER CELL THERE- MT. LASSEN, CA IS WITHIN THE 320 KM. SHEAR ZONE, AND SHOULD BE THE SHALLOWEST VOLCANO- RESEARCHERS SHOLD CHECK THIS!), allowing the Olympic Montains to ride upward- almost horizontally;
3. The MANTLE MOVES EASTWARD, SLIGHTLY FASTER THAN THE CRUST, HENCE DRAGS THE HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS CCW- LOOKING NORTH. This is exaggerated for the larger diameter cylinders and helps create the Rhyolite Track at the border of ID, NV, and OR;
4. The ZONE OF SHEAR CREATED BY THE FASTER-MOVING SEGMENT NORTH OF 40N IS DEFINED BY THE ZONE BETWEEN 40N AND THE NEXT RIFT TO THE NORTH. This is some 320 km, and from my RULE FOR SHEAR ZONES OF 1/100-200:1 WIDTH of shear (compared to diameter), MAKES THE ROTATING CELL UNDER INVESTIGATION (THE CIRCULAR RING, WHICH IS THE N. BOUNDARY OF EB) ABOUT 20,000 MILES OR MORE, in diameter- ALMOST THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE EARTH;
5. The vertically-rotating horizontal cells, which create the Cascades and help initiate the Rhyolite Track across ID are working in concert with an independent force- Coriolis- and are due mainly by the shear developed by the edge of the Equatorial Bulge, EB (THIS IS THE ZONE OF WIDTH OR 320 KM); and,
6. The base of Cascade Vulcanism is deeper to the north, and this can be checked by EARTHQUAKE DATA.

To be continued, as we get more input from cases AROUND THE WORLD!

VULCANISM'S VULTURES ARE CIRCLING!

Vulcanism classified according to Coriolis Shear and HEAT FORMATION
From my observations of the PORTRAITS OF CORIOLIIS CELLS on Google Earth, I find that volcanoes are correlated with the heat produced by rotary shear- as seen by fractures, slickensides, sheared slabs, and dragged river banks. The curvature of river paths and ancient dragged rocks makes it unmistakable that heat is produced in the CRUST by this continuous action. I am classifying these extrusions, mainly by their size of their surface expression and by the size of the Coriolis cells (diameters which are obvious on PHOTOGRAHED EARTH MAPS:
I. BASALT VENTS
A. Occurring along the BOUNDARY OF SMALL CORIOLIS CELLS - where there is rotation and shear caused by Coriolis Force for sufficient TIME, but seen readily in cells with a diameter less than the thickness of the Crust of the Earth.
B. Having a composition indicating that the cell has mainly rotated horizontally, but also having a movement vertically- indicating that the HEAT PRODUCED BY BRITTLE FRICTION OF SHEARING ROCK has augmented the temperature at the top of the Mantle, causing rise of the hotter lighter mass.
C. Positioning of the vents occurs on the outer circumference of the rotation, yielding a shear zone which is sharp- but whose width is on the order of 1/200th of the cell diameter.
D. Having a LIFE which depends on the magnitude of the cell (that is, the Diameter). The smallest cells have the shortest time of extrusion, such as less than 100 k.years for small vents (e.g. Sullivan’s Knoll, in UT).
The next type of vulcanism is larger and more violent, and I select the following:

II. RHYOLITIC OR DACITIC DOMES and Craters
A. Occurring at the intersection of two larger circular movements, where an opening is created by interference of the two circulations.
B. Composition is that of the Crust, that is, siliceous and not basaltic.
C. Positioning occurs at an intersection of a larger rotation with the one at the extrusion. This will mainly occur alongside a circular river path, e.g. Hackberry Mountain, AZ at the intersection of
Fossil and Verde Rivers.

D. Life of the extrusion is on the order of millions of years (considering the original CCW rotation and subsequent CW rotation while cooling of the primary mass, and development of rejuvenation coes at the edge of rotation), continuing until the rotation intersection is further away (building heat further to the east for the Hackberry case).
III. Next we will investigate the larger extrusions- REGIONAL VULCANISM, exemplified by the San Francisco Peaks, at Flagstaff, AZ, where the entity is still active (Sunset Crater, ca. 1080 A.D), and where there are multi-domes, composite extrusions, and satellite vents:
A. Occurring at the intersection or boundary of state-wide Coriolis cells, such as the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range.
B. The composition is for all types of extrusions- rhyolite, basalt, and dacite;
C. Positioning is at the edge of a large feature, such as CP, and
D. Life is that associated with the entire rotation of CP- IN ITS PRESENT POSITION RELATIVE TO NEIGHBORING DEVELOPMENTS.A SPACE STRIKE can re-position the POLE AND EQUATOR, re-arranging all Coriolis circular presentations.
COMMENTS: 1. The large fault systems which have diverted portions of the Colorado River- ones at Pipe Springs and Havasu Falls- are continuing to the south and creating oppositely-moving thrusts which position the SF vulcanism and its associated cell rotation between the faults.
2. These large faults are occurring now, and evidently will create volcanism in the future- EVEN WHILE THE MAIN MAGMA COOLS. Sunset crater is the latest extrusion (REJUVENATION, CAUSING BY THE COUNTER-ROTATION WHEN COOLING OF THE MAIN MAGMA) occurring as a result of this action. COUNTER-ROTATION WHILE COOLING CREATES FRICTION AND SHEAR ON THE LEADING EDGE OF THE ORIGINAL MASS.
3. The composition of the magma, being so varied, indicates that the Mantle as well as the CRUST is involved. A closer view is shown below: Some enterprising field worker should now seek for entities which would confirm this correlation- slickensides, sheared concrete slabs, and fracture patterns paralleling the shown river valleys (indicating the rotation which is dragging the area undergoing vulcanism).
This is not the last category; there are several larger entities: SUPER VOLCANOES, SUBDUCTIVE (ROTATIONS OF CONTINENTS ONTO THEIR CONTINENTAL SHELVES) LINEAR ARRAYS OF VOLCANOES- SUCH AS THE CASCADES, AND FINALLY THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH THE EDGE OF THE QUADRANSPHERE- HAWAIIAN TYPE SHIELD EXTRUSIONS.
The Category IV is shown below for two of the SUPER VOLCANOES in the USA: Jemez Caldera and Yellowstone in Wyoming. I have posted Yellowstone in detail in an earlier Blog, so will now analyze Jemez Mts. or the violent extrusion of the Miocene to Pliocene, exemplified by the Bandolier Tuff at Las County, NM: NOTE the multiple number of conflicting cells displayed at the inflection in the Rocky Mt. chain- one of which is rotating in the same direction as a bordering one:
Yellowstone caldera and violent conflict at the border of several Coriolis cells is shown below:
Jemez Mountains or the VALLES, where I worked for the geothermal group, is shown below:

A. Occurring at the SE edge of the great COUPLET: B&R-CP, which is occupying parts of 5 states.
B. Age at least back to the Miocene, and by my correlation with the occurrence of extension starting in the Oligocene (post-Laramide), somewhat older.
C. Positioned by the orientation from N-S along the Rio Grande rift to westerly movement along the Colorado Plateau.
D. Life is expected to continue so long as CP is rotating CCW with the present Polar Axis and Equator.
Next to last is THE ARRAY OF ANDESITIC VOLCANOES displayed from Mt. Lassen, CA in the south to the Canadian border shown below. This is called subduction, but it is due to the rotation of part of the continent onto the continental shelf and returning towards the coast further with the curvature- sometimes creating collision as with the Olympic Mountains, WA- but mostly diving due to greater density under the NW states, to create a line of andesitic volcanoes about 100 miles from the coastline: Finally, there is the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount development, or HI-E, which is at the boundary of the NA QUADRANSPHERE, and which shows the coriolis rotation for 1/4 of the Globe. This is not to extrapolate to that which is occurring in the southern Hemisphere, since the mass imbalance there has resulted in India and Australia moving north-ward, and which shows few similarities with the northern hemisphere (except that shear is occurring at 40S similarly to that at 40N Latitude- at the termination of the Equatorial Bulge, EB).
This is further analyzed by looking at Transforms and how they develop south of the big island of Hawaii, below:

Lateral Faulting along the Virgin River Canyon

This starts the next phase to explore the large B&R lateral fault, occurring along the Virgin River- which continues SW-ward until reaching the Valley of Fire, NV State Park. WE have already found laterally-striated etchings on SLICKENSIDES (which not only show the horizontal nature of the fault can be noted, but also the direction of movement, if CAT SCRATCHES OR TRACKS are found).
This fault system is due to the Coriolis Rotation of most of the state of NV and part of UT- west of the WASATCH LINE (the Great Basin, B&R). This fault system is generally parallel to I-15 freeway, where fortunately the road engineers have found the shear zone for freeway construction. Not to worry about much shear of the roadway, since the movement is on the order of only 1 mm/year, but there is a section near New Harmony, UT where the road bed is rumpled and sheared.
Photo below shows the major features surrounding the Great Basin or B&R province in NV and UT:
We have explored the Pine Valley Mountains SE region, where the gouge of the great lateral faulting surrounds I-15, and where Quartz Monzonite from PVM has been transported from the original laccolith to sites near the Freeway.
Further, we have found strange "Cat Tracks or Scratches" which indicate lateral movement of the Monzonite:
Below is a photo I caught, while hiking near the Babylon area (north of Virgin River, Sky Mt. Golf area), which those in the GEOLOGY CULTURE would readily ignore. The rotation and shear-fractures developed as a result of the nearby Leeds volcano rotating, while cooling, creating a sharp fracture front in the mesa above the shack, a seep for drainage behind the house, and cracks and fractures in the concrete slab and walls of the shack:
This week we will travel south of St. George, to view the nearest Coriolis cell (formed by the fractures creating the Santa Clara River) and further south, which will be the subject of another field investigation:
We will be looking for more evidence of the B&R shear and rotating cell along the Virgin River- in this case for slickensides on the cliffs of Bloomington Hill, rotating CCW as a Reactionary Cell to the westward thrust of B&R:

Homing in on Bloomington Hill,

I have laid the preliminaries for hikes in the Beaver Dam region, where one may access at CEDAR POCKET, I-15, NORTH ON A GRAVEL ROAD. This area exhibits several Coriolis rotations, because of the CW rotation of the great CW-moving lateral fault, proceeding from PVM towards the Valley of Fire State Park, NV. This is expanded, to show the REMARKABLY CONSISTENT NATURE OF CORIOLIS CELLS WHICH ARE CREATED NEXT TO A KNOWN LATERAL FAULT OF GREATER SIGNIFICANCE: CELLS ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE RIVER (EXPRESSED BY FRACTURES AND SLICKENSIDES, WHICH ACCOMPANY THE RIVER PATH) ROTATE CW (SAME AS THE B&R-SINKING), WHILE CELLS NEXT TO THIS (ONE REMOVED FROM THE PRIMARY ROTATION) ROTATE CCW (RISING). OUR FIRST DISCOVERY AND EXAMPLE OF THIS WAS THE GRASS VALLEY CELL OF ABOUT 30 KM DIAMETER, EXISTS AROUND COOLING (AND THEREFORE SINKING) AND CW-ROTATING, DYING VOLCANOES. FORTUITOUSLY, THE RIVER TURNS TO ALLOW THE MORE NW-ERLY CELL TO MATCH WITH ITS COUNTER-ROTATION, AND STILL FITS WITH THE RULE,BECAUSE OF SMALLER CELLS SEPARATING THE LARGER ONE FROM THE RIVER!

Crimping the Crust vs. “Minding” the Mantle

Does the Mantle dominate Crustal and Surface Features?
The scanty information I have found in the literature is devoted to the notion that if there is any influence on Geologic Structure by Coriolis Rotation, it originates in the Mantle. I have modeled a case history for the Grass Valley extrusions in Washington county, Utah, where the dimensions of the rotating cell are no more than the thickness of the Crust. For this case, there is rotation of volcanoes while cooling, in a clockwise direction, and where the dip and shear of nearby outcrops may be seen to have been only slightly affected by the Mantle.

For the case above, the Crust of the Earth is near 40 km thick, and the diameter of the cell, as seen in circular river valleys, slickensides, sheared concrete slabs, and displacement of geologic features is about the same width. Consequently, I surmise that it is possible for a small spherical or cylindrical portion of the Crust to spiral on its own (except for the base, which is dragged by the Mantle). Using trigonometry for calculating the ratio of uplift/lateral drag, I find that the Mantle is moving about 1 mm/year faster than the Crust- evidently due to its smaller viscosity and further distance from TIDAL EFFECTS OF THE MOON. Although this drag is greater than the vertical movements of the cell, the other rotations are faster (5mm/year for horizontal rotation, for cooling and shrinking volcanic cells). All of these movements are significant (in the same order of Magnitude), but the horizontal component may be compared to that happening in the Atmosphere. The rotations of weather cells occur in a thickness of about 10 km, and are modified by friction with surface features, but they nevertheless occur over oceans in a predictable manner.
NOTE THAT THE DIP ANGLE OF THE ROTATING SPHERE FOUND NEAR THE AZ BORDER MAY BE CHECKED AT Hf JUST ABOVE THE TOWN OF HURRICANE. IT IS ABOUT 15 DEGREES THERE ALSO, BUT DOWN-DIPS TOWARD THE WEST (COMPARED TO THAT ON THE SE SIDE OF GRASS VALLEY CELL, WHICH IS DIPPING NE), AND I WILL MEASURE THIS MORE ACCURATELY
The next step in this analysis is to investigate the next larger Coriolis Cell Diameter, to determine whether the influence of the Mantle is only somewhat more, and to find if there is any certainty for this regional cell with diameter greater than Crustal thickness, that a cell with diameter greater than 2X Crustal thickness will behave differently than the small ones where I have a bit of confidence developed. Below are the characteristics which I have accumulated, by analyzing over a hundred of these rotating Coriolis cells:
a. Small cell diameters are associated with Hot springs, while larger cells have basaltic vulcanism, progressing to super Volcanoes (explosive) for multi-state features;
b. Shear zones are about 1/200th of the diameter of the circular feature, with 200 meters for the Grass Valley cell, and 2-3 km for the B&R cell of 400-500 km width;
c. The cell rotates about an independent linear feature which is moving to actuate the Coriolis Force, such as the Hurricane Fault. Reactionary cells are rotated by parallel thrust faults which are moving oppositely to each other, and the linear feature is external to the cell (such as the Valley of Fire, NV thrusts); and,
d. Shear is dominantly lateral, as seen by slickensides’ striations and displacement in concrete slabs. River meanders may be seen to be dragged away from the direction of movement of the cell (comparing one side of the river banks and meanders to the other).
I will have to be judicious in finding a cell of larger dimensions, since both the size and vertical protrusion are of equal importance in causing rotation. Further, the Latitude of occurrence is influential- Coriolis cells not having a significant presentation in Latitudes less than 10N or 10S. I will work within intermediate latitudes, since the termination of the Equatorial Bulge, EBT, at 40N or 40S is an added complication.

Mogollon Rim: Verde Graben to Mazatzal Mountains
After living in Cottonwood, AZ for 18 years and trekking its colorful purple mountains and dark canyons, my choice for the next Coriolis Tectonics investigation is the region about the Mogollon Rim. Only a part of it will be analyzed for its pertinence in investigating whether the Mantle is dominating the
Structural Geology of the region. It is possible that there are two separate Coriolis cells there- on a regional scale- since the Pine Valley wilderness protrudes on the SE side of the area, as does the Mazatzal Mountains. We will leave the SE border in doubt, anticipating that it will become clear which is the most pertinent cell as the work progresses. The feature which most clearly defines a cell is a linear prominently displayed in the center- in this case the Mogollon rim. This linear is displayed NW-SE across most of AZ, and it will influence many smaller as well as larger rotations. I select the typical cell, which I have observed is further defined by the antipodal positioning of a sink or graben on the low side (Verde basin) and a monocline or compressional feature on the high side of the spiraling entity. This Verde to E. Verde River portion is most interesting from the standpoint of a regional feature because of Hackberry Mountain- a SILICEOUS extrusion of greater significance than a small basaltic vent. I have selected a category which is 2nd from the bottom of:
1. Local cells of width less than the Crustal Thickness;
2. Regional cells which have larger extrusions, such as violent rhyolitic emissions;
3. State-wide cells that have many smaller cells enclosed, which exhibit vents, geothermal areas, large features such as laccoliths, and mountains; and,
4. Continental cells (or half continents) which possess large basins, mountain ranges, and state-wide fault systems.
In addition, there is the more nebulous development of Quadransphere rotations- which enclose a quarter of the Earth’s Crust, and which enclose ocean basins as well as entire continents.
Further definition of the area to be selected demands that a violent volcano, such as Hackberry (Miocene to Pliocene volcano- a long-lasting extrusion, indicating more than a temporary heat-producing shear zone), determine the border. This border phenomenon probably forces the conclusion that Pine Mountain wilderness is the antipodal feature diagonally situated across the cell from the Verde Graben (and not the Mazatzal Mountains, which occur between two cells, and therefore is hazy as to its incipience). The following Google Photo presents the area to be investigated better than any ground mapper could arrange (since the “Big Picture” is too large for a person working on the ground to find):
The above photo is somewhat dated, because I have determined many more facets of the development of cells, since I posted this Hackberry cell. I will get a better NEW GOOGLE PHOTO for analysis. as shown below: This area is indeed one step larger than than near the Hurricane Fault- one containing both basaltic vents (Squaw Peak, Mingus, and House Mountains) and violent rhyolitic extrusions (Hackberry). This is not to incorporate the San Francisco Peaks at Flagstaff- which is in a wider order of areal extrusions. Most of the area’s vulcanism occurred during the Miocene, and again indicates that West USA entered a time of extension, as opposed to compression during the late Mesozoic to the Eocene. The area to be modeled is on the order of 100 km, including The Mogollon Rim and the vulcanism at Bill Williams Mountain and vents along the Black Hills:

Here is the 2009 edition: ENLARGING The photo above hints that the Verde Valley graben is an ellipse, and this type of cell is one which is impinged upon by two greater entities- the San Francisco Peaks composite vulcanism and the Prescott or Cherry Batholith.

Below is my first pass, for modeling the Verde Graben, to find how it fits with the CRUSTAL OR MANTLE MOVEMENTS:
Hackberry Volcano, AZ beside the Verde and Fossil Creek
This Miocene extrusion is a rhyolitic type, and had a violent past for several million years (14.45 m.y. and Horner Mt-Thirteen Mile Rock: 3.1 to 11.3 m.y.). It showered tuffs as far as Interstate 17, some 10 miles distant, and it left several rhyolite or dacite domes within its 1-2 mile caldera- one of which is shown in the photo below:
I was inspired to jest a bit while hiking this area, and sent the following missive for April 1, 2001:
I was standing on the rim of the Hackberry caldera, invoking the god Xetrov, when I realized that my right Gortex boot was vibrating with a strange rhythm. I could feel the emanations even up to my spinal cord- there was something eerie issuing from the bowels of the Earth! I had just found that by making electrical resistivity measurements to a great depth, the earth could make communications with the Muse of my spirit Euterpe. This was by way of pulsating DC current, which I had impressed on the extrusive rocks- which had made their way all the way from the Virgin Mantle some 100's of kilometers below my tenuous location on the caldera rim.
Gingerly I trod the sharp-edged crater lip, realizing that one false move and I would have to call for the God of the Labyrinth- Ztrauq. I hesitated to invoke this particularly Deity, since this would be the ultimate test of my essence- Ztrauq only empathized with earth scientists of True Spirit, those who have been tested with the radioactive emanations and reductive brines of the deeper layers of the stratigraphic columns as far down in the earth's crust as man had made contact. Only those who have been divested of all of the materialistic urges and passion manifestations need make supplications to Ztrauq! Of course at my age, all of these false spiritual machinations had long ago been cleansed and my body was now Whole- stripped of these puny inclinations of the flesh.
I had just been informed by way of the Information Superhighway, that my perceptions had been too limited- one must look further than mere centers of labyrinth and female vortices- one must view the earth from a standpoint much larger than a cross-section of fractures and descending crotches; one must LOOK BIGGER. No longer can one think small, the earth is larger than my Colorado Plateau in its outlook. One must think of the crust as a mosaic of GRIDS. The Spirit is manifesting itself along many linears. And when one happens upon the intersection of several emanations, one has the POWER (May the FORCE be with you!) to truly understand.
Consequently, my stance on the rim of the gigantic expression of SPIRIT- the AURA surrounding the Caldera Hackberry- was tugging at my Gortex boot with a not-so-subtle suggestion; I was being directed by the God of the Underworld- that musical mantra-ejecting body far below: ELTNAM!
Being a true Scientist, Ι rapidly shifted my philosophical viewpoint to that of the Spiritualist- I must listen to the MUSINGS of the mantra of the earth. I shook my right foot, to ascertain whether the vibrations of my right foot were more than ephemeral. The Gortex remained unchanged, proving that forevermore I must encourage my foot to remain out of the bowels of thought, and to soar loftily- above the mere Winds of my immediate destiny- up to the Sulfurous Airs of the Eternal Shrouds.
Harold L. Overton April 1, 2008

To view the larger influences on the Verde Graben, I am posting below a Google photo of the entire Northern AZ.


This view shows a number of interesting features, which probably bear on the analysis of the smaller cells. Note that there are several anomalies:
a. The Colorado River is diverted from a circular path by the Grand Wash and other faults, indicating that these lateral faults are moving faster than the general shear-rotation faulting of the Coriolis cells- which have been calculated by me as being on the order of 1 mm/year;
b. The triple junction at Overton Arm of Lake Mead indicates a major anomaly in the Crust (there are several vents there), and the mapped lateral thrusts are at the intersection of Muddy, Virgin, and Overton Arm waterways;
c. The Kanab Creek fault has displaced the Colorado River by an amount similar to that of the Grand Wash, not considering the vertical displacement (I think that we can now solve the mystery of the opening to the west of the Colorado River in late Tertiary time- it evidently opened whenever the lateral shearing by the great fault systems fractured a path for the river);
d. The whole cell is rotating counterclockwise- CCW- indicating that the area is rising (which is true for the CP in general, instrumented by the GPS measuring station at Fredonia, AZ), and this is confirmed by the loss of detail and river paths on the eastern side of the cell (as opposed to the west side where the river shows the fracture pattern excellently); and,
e. The House Valley monocline (Kaibab uplift) is on a centerline for the entire feature, and apparently is arcuate on a large sale, because of a cell rotation for AZ and southern UT.
Should any of these large fault systems continue south of Flagstaff and Hiway I-40, they will impinge on the Structural Geology of the Verde Valley. The Grand Wash to Aquarius to Skull Valley system might be such an impingement.
Continuing with the Hackberry analysis: With a further xpansion: The bare Google photo above is interporeted as shown below:



More to come!

Equatorial Bulge Termination and shear at 40N or 41S Latitudes

Although the Equatorial Bulge is presumably due to the Elliptical shape of the Earth (due to centrifugal force slinging out the middle portion), the Google Earth photos and analyses show that the termination of the bulge is sharp and confined to about 1-2 degrees of Latitude. There is drastic shear developed along the 40th parallel, as evidenced by sudden changes in geography and subsurface features:
Nevertheless, at the Mendocino transform- which shears westward on the NORTH side, as seen by the shove to the west of the HI-EMPEROR SEAMOUNT chain, there is a rift near the continental slope which shears eastward until reaching the Cascade Mountains.
In the southern hemisphere, EB apparently occurs at 41S, but the error in interpretation is about 1 degree Latitude, so this can be ignored. New Zealand is sheared North from South Island at the 40S latitude- similarly to Tasmania from Australia- yielding confirmation that shear occurs in this part of the Globe.
There are few locations on land in the southern Hemisphere to check further, and the shear lines in the ocean basins are scanty for E-W transforms, in the Southern Hemisphere. Back to North America, there is shear or displacement shown in the Appalachian Mountains (see the inflection in the SW-NE display) and at the southern edge of Long Island- both of which are along the 40N parallel:
The tentative CONCLUSION is that EB is not a gradually-changing surface (or smoothly decreasing ellipse to the north); rather it displays the characteristics of a HUMP. The Bulge must have an abrupt transition to the spherical or elliptical surface at the 40N latitude. Several geological features augment this supposition: The Yellowstone track at a locus near 40 N, and the Overthrust belt. Below is shown Turkey, which is very similar in many respects to the B&R and CP couplet just south of 40N:
The South American coast shows some influence of the shear between EB and the domain further south, mainly at portions of the east coast. In the west, the region is under extension- west of the Andes- and forms islands:
40N or 40S EB boundary shear shifts direction at Coastal or Continental Shelves
Oceanic transforms or shear lines are regular for ocean basins, except for meteoric strikes and shifting of the Polar Axis- such as for the KT disruption. Continents portray rotating Coriolis cells, and do not show lengthy linear shear zones; rather they exhibit rotations of various diameters, according to the type of feature instrumental in creating them. Regional linears, such as the Hurricane fault Hf, have regional cells of diameters smaller than the fault zone, and continental features- such as the Mississippi River New Madrid fault zone- exhibit cell diameters on the order of sizes of states.
Generally, this EBD (diminution) shear displaces geological features to the west, South of 40N latitude. This display continues into the Pacific Ocean, with the subsequent intermission of rifts and shear reversals for the shelves. This exhibits rotation of what were called Mini-Plates, which were assumed to break off from the dominant Pacific plate. This was a “nice touch”, but the terranes assumed to form by colliding with the continents were unknown as to source and incoming orientation. With the Coriolis rotation, the incipience is simple; the Mini-Plate merely rotates from the continent along the coast line. In the process, local rifts and transforms are created. This explains why there is reversal of the general shearing due to the faster movement of the Crust north of 40N. West of the local rifts, the shear is again westward north of 40N latitude, but evidently much different than that below 40N. There is one other part of the puzzle, however, and that is the gradual southward shift of the 40N transform to about 31S with approach to the HI-E seamount chain. Again, the transform is rotated gradually to the south CCW), and fits with the Coriolis theory. The question remaining is: Is this large curvature, on the order of continental size, due to Crustal movements or is the Mantle involved?

We will try to solve this problem, by looking at progressively larger cells- starting with local ones, such as the Grass Valley cell with a diameter of about 30 km. We will also attempt to discern why the Southern hemisphere presents very little to confirm the shearing of the Non-Bulge from the part near the Equator undergoing diminution. It is shown on the SA eastern coast, with breakup into islands on the west coast. This all indicates extension for Chile, below the 40S Latitude, where the Plate Tectonics theory would have only compression and subduction in that region (due to the presence of andesitic vulcanism). Altogether, it seems that upon closer inspection, the Plate Tectonics idea applies only to the deep ocean basins and that it only provides a start in understanding the movements of the Crust. Wherever there is a landmass (even islands), there is rotation induced by Coriolis Force and the subduction-wandering of continents idea does not apply.